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Every PCP airgun features a high-pressure air tank – called a cartridge. By pulling the trigger, you release the hammer, which hits a valve that briefly opens and lets some air out of the cartridge. This compressed air pushes the pellet and shoots it out of the barrel.
Zde však vyvstává jeden problém - při vyšším tlaku v kartuši propustí ventil více vzduchu najednou a diabolka letí rychleji. Stejně je to i naopak, kdy při nižším tlaku v kartuši je diabolka pomalejší a rychleji klesá k zemi. To může ovlivnit trajektorii výstřelu a tím i celkovou přesnost. No a jak to vyřešit? Regulátorem tlaku.
However, this raises one problem – at higher pressure in the cartridge, the valve releases more air at once and the pellet travels faster. Vice versa, at lower pressure, the pellet moves slower and drops to the ground more quickly. This will affect the trajectory of the projectile and thus the overall accuracy. And how can we solve this issue? By adding a pressure regulator.
A pressure regulator is a small high-pressure device, most often located just after the air cartridge valve.
Its purpose is to maintain a constant output pressure. This means that even if the cartridge is pressurized to 300 bar but the regulator is set to only 150 bar, the total output pressure will be fixed at said 150 bar. This means the valve will always release the same amount of air every single shot, as long as the pressure in the cartridge doesn't drop below the regulator settings. Only then the muzzle velocity will start to drop significantly.
We generally categorize the pressure in an air rifle equipped with a regulator into two kinds:
Modern PCP air rifles even offer the option of adjusting the pressure regulator settings, allowing you to fine-tune the air rifle to the desired muzzle energy (within a certain range, of course). That is why more expensive air rifles often come with two pressure gauges – one displaying the pressure in the cartridge and the other displaying the regulated pressure.
Most air rifles equipped with a pressure regulator, especially those in the higher price range, also feature what is known as a “Power Plenum.” And what is that? Simply put, Power Plenum is an additional chamber / tube for compressed air located between the regulator and the air rifle valve. Without this chamber, the regulator alone would not be able to let enough air through in more powerful air rifles. The larger the Plenum, the more air there is available for the shot, which means higher maximum muzzle energy. Another advantage of the Power Plenum,which provides a precisely defined amount of compressed air, is even better shot consistency.
In short
When browsing through air rifles, you may occasionally come across information stating that they offer “power regulation” or “adjustable power”, which some may mistakenly interpret that the air rifle contains a pressure regulator. However, it is not the same thing, and even air rifles without a pressure regulator can offer power regulation. So what is the difference?
As mentioned above, a regulator is a component inside the air rifle that ensures constant output pressure. Power regulation allows you to adjust the muzzle energy of the projectile according to specific needs, such as for different shooting disciplines or distances. This can be achieved in several ways:
With PCP air rifles, muzzle energy can be increased by extending the time and speed of valve opening when firing.
This is achieved by increasing the tension of the hammer spring, which pushes the hammer wheyou pull the trigger, causing it thit the valve, opening it — the faster it hits the valve, the longer it stays open. That's why some air rifleallow you to tighten or loosen the spring. Turning the screw clockwise increases the tension (higher power), turning it counterclockwise decreases it (lower power).
If your air rifle does not have the option of adjusting the hammer spring, or it does but you want to go beyond the original limit, you can replace it - of course, this is only possible if such spring is available.
Some models allow external adjustment of the regulated pressure, which affects the weapon's performance.
Each manufacturer has a different approach — for example, discreetly hidden Allen screw, or, in the case of EPIC air rifles, a special tool / key designed specifically for adjusting the regulator. And just like with the hammer spring, turning clockwise increases the pressure and turning counterclockwise decreases it.
Note: This is only a general overview of how the individual components can be adjusted. Each air rifle may require a different procedure – always follow the instructions in the user manual!
We hope this article was helpful in understanding what a pressure regulator and power plenum are, how they work, and why their combination is so important in PCP airguns. By now, you should also have a better sense of how to adjust your airgun for higher or lower power depending on how you want to use it. Happy shooting!
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